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The study, published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, also found that a good mood has a negative effect on executive functioning in some cases.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo in Canada explored whether our emotional reactivity shaped how mood influences the kinds of thinking skills we need to navigate the demands and stresses of day-to-day life.
The study included 95 participants, each of whom completed nine distinct tasks and questionnaires that measure the interplay of mood, emotional reactivity and various working memory and analytic challenges.
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“Our results show that there are some people for whom a bad mood may actually hone the kind of thinking skills that are important for everyday life,” said Tara McAuley, a professor at the University of Waterloo.
The high-reactive individuals – people who have rapid, intense, and enduring emotional responses – performed better on executive function tasks when experiencing a bad mood.
Low-reactive individuals showed the opposite effect, with bad mood associated with worse executive functioning.
This pattern of results supports the view that a bad mood may help with some executive skills – but only for people who are more emotionally reactive.
“People should not interpret the results as saying it is fine to fly off the handle or overreact, or to be grouchy,” said McAuley.
“We know that emotional reactivity differs from person to person starting at a very early age and that these individual differences have implications for mental health later in development,” she said.
Further research is needed to explain the relationship, but some studies suggest that high-reactive people are more accustomed to experiencing negative emotions, researchers said.
As such, bad moods may be less distracting for them compared with lower-reactive people, they said.