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The levy on crude oil produced by companies such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has been increased to Rs 2,100 per tonne from Rs 1,700 per tonne, the order dated January 2, said.
Crude oil pumped out of the ground and from below the seabed is refined and converted into fuel like petrol, diesel and aviation turbine fuel (ATF).
The government has also raised the tax on the export of diesel to Rs 6.5 per litre, from Rs 5 and the same on overseas shipments of ATF to Rs 4.5 a litre, from Rs 1.5 a litre.
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Tax rates were cut at the last fortnightly review on December 16, following a decline in global crude oil prices. International oil prices have since then firmed up, necessitating the raising of windfall tax.
India first imposed windfall profit taxes on July 1, joining a growing number of nations that tax super normal profits of energy companies. At that time, export duties of Rs 6 per litre (USD 12 per barrel) each were levied on petrol and ATF and Rs 13 a litre (USD 26 a barrel) on diesel.
A Rs 23,250 per tonne (USD 40 per barrel) windfall profit tax on domestic crude production was also levied.
The export tax on petrol has since been scrapped.
The tax rates are reviewed every fortnight based on average oil prices in the previous two weeks.
Reliance Industries Ltd, which operates India’s largest only-for-export oil refinery at Jamnagar in Gujarat, and Rosneft-backed Nayara Energy are primary exporters of fuel in the country.
The government levies tax on windfall profits made by oil producers on any price they get above a threshold of USD 75 per barrel.
The levy on fuel exports is based on cracks or margins that refiners earn on overseas shipments. These margins are primarily a difference between the international oil price realised and the cost.