Kambala: Tradition and modernity in coastal Karnataka

Kundapura: Kambala, the iconic buffalo race, continues to showcase the agricultural and cultural heritage of coastal Karnataka. Originating as a ritual linked to the farming life of farmers and buffaloes, Kambala has now evolved into a competitive rural sport. While Dakshina Kannada district hosts competitive Kambala events, Udupi district still observes the traditional and ceremonial Kambala races.

Kambala, once a form of folk worship, has opened up to modern aspects, incorporating technology, competitive elements, and varied races. Traditional Kambala remains deeply reverent, emphasizing spirituality, with a history spanning over a thousand years. Conducted as a homage to buffaloes and as a form of deity worship, it retains its religious significance.

In Dakshina Kannada, competitive Kambalas are prevalent, while in areas like Karkala and Kapu in Udupi district, the modern Jodukare (dual-track) Kambala races are prominent. However, the Kundapura, Brahmavara, and Baindoor areas of Udupi maintain the traditional, single-track (Ontikere) Kambala races.

Traditional Kambala

Traditional Kambala is rooted in spirituality and includes religious rituals. About 50 to 60 such events are held, with 20-22 being larger festivals. Specific dates for Kambala races are set according to astrological timings by priests, and the rituals may include fasting and strict discipline for the event organizers.

For instance, the ritual mandates that the Kambala field is ploughed two days before the event, and a sacred Areca nut flag is installed at the field center to mark the start of races. Competitions here lack ornate decorations and avoid tying wooden planks to buffaloes, keeping them close to ancient customs.

Modern Kambala

The modern Jodukare Kambala, seen as a competitive sport, is celebrated across around 25 locations, including Aikala, Mulki, Katapadi, and Vamanjoor. Despite its focus on competition, the traditional pooja is still conducted before the races begin. With divisions such as senior, junior, and plank races, the winners gain prestige and are awarded prizes. This style usually involves buffaloes tied to wooden planks, adding a distinctive competitive touch to the sport.

Season and Schedule

Modern Kambala events are scheduled from November 9 to April 19, while traditional Kambala races are conducted between Vrischika Sankramana (November 16) and Dhanu Sankramana (December 15). Families with historical ties to Kambala traditionally visit priests on Vrischika Sankramana to finalize the date for their races. Important traditional Kambala events include those held at places such as Keradi, Heggunde, Kadri, Kenjoor, and others across Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts.

– Translated from Kannada article by Prashanth Pade