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“All of these problems are thought to be caused by declining egg quality, rather than a lack of eggs,” said Murphy. The researchers used a microscopic worm, Caenorhabditis elegans (C elegans), to study longevity. For the study, published in the journal Current Biology, they investigated downregulated group of proteins, cathepsin B proteases, that are rare in high-quality eggs and more common in eggs that have begun degrading with age.
The existence of drugs that block these exact proteins provided an opportunity to test their effects. Another experiment that knocked out the cathepsin B genes entirely succeeded in extending worms fertility by about 10 percent. “If applied to humans, it could be a three- to a six-year extension of your reproductive period,” said Nicole Templeman from Princeton University.
The reproductive decline is a hallmark of ageing, but despite its prevalence, interventions to slow the loss of reproductive capacity are lacking, the researchers said.