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After routing government forces and taking over Kabul on Sunday to end two decades of war, the hardline Islamist movement’s leaders have repeatedly vowed a complete amnesty as part of a well-crafted PR blitz.
Women have also been assured their rights will be respected, and that the Taliban will be “positively different” from their brutal 1996-2001 rule.
But with thousands of people still trying to flee the capital aboard evacuation flights, the report for the United Nations confirmed the fears of many.
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The report, written by the Norwegian Center for Global Analyses, said militants were also screening people on the way to Kabul airport.
“They are targeting the families of those who refuse to give themselves up, and prosecuting and punishing their families ‘according to Sharia law’,” Christian Nellemann, the group’s executive director, told AFP.
“We expect both individuals previously working with NATO/US forces and their allies, alongside with their family members to be exposed to torture and executions.”
The Taliban have denied such accusations in the past and have several times issued statements saying fighters were barred from entering private homes.
They also insist women and journalists have nothing to fear under their new rule, although several media workers have reported being thrashed with sticks or whips when trying to record some of the chaos seen in Kabul in recent days.
During their first stint in power, women were excluded from public life and girls banned from school.
People were stoned to death for adultery, while music and television were also banned.
The United States invaded Afghanistan and toppled the group in 2001 following the September 11 attacks for providing sanctuary to Al-Qaeda.
A video posted online by a high-profile woman journalist this week for a government-run television station offered a different reality to the Taliban’s new image of tolerance.
“Our lives are under threat,” Shabnam Dawran, an anchor in state-owned broadcaster RTA, said as she recounted being barred from the office.
“The male employees, those with office cards were allowed to enter the office but I was told that I couldn’t continue my duty because the system has been changed,” she said.
There have been isolated signs of opposition to the Taliban in parts of Afghanistan this week.
Small groups of Afghans waved the country’s black, red and green flags in Kabul and a handful of suburbs on Thursday to celebrate the anniversary of Afghanistan’s independence — on occasion in plain sight of patrolling Taliban fighters.
“My demand from the international community… is that they turn their attention to Afghanistan and not allow the achievements of 20 years to be wasted,” said one protester.
Taliban fighters fired guns to disperse dozens of Afghans in Jalalabad who waved the flag on Wednesday.
Russia also emphasised on Thursday that a resistance movement was forming in the Panjshir Valley, led by deposed vice-president Amrullah Saleh and Ahmad Massoud, the son of a slain anti-Taliban fighter.
“The Taliban doesn’t control the whole territory of Afghanistan,” Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said.
In the Panjshir Valley northeast of Kabul, Ahmad Massoud, the son of Afghanistan’s most famed anti-Taliban fighter Ahmed Shah Massoud, said he was “ready to follow in his father’s footsteps”.
“But we need more weapons, more ammunition and more supplies,” Massoud wrote in the Washington Post.
Tens of thousands of people have tried to flee Afghanistan since the Taliban swept into the capital.
The United States said Thursday that it had airlifted about 7,000 people out of Kabul over the past five days.
Chaos erupted at the airport this week, as frantic Afghans searched for a way to leave the country.
An Afghan sports federation announced a footballer for the national youth team had died after falling from a US plane he desperately clung to as it took off.